{"id":6756,"date":"2023-05-20T11:45:56","date_gmt":"2023-05-20T08:45:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.tevmot.org.tr\/?post_type=gorusler&p=6756"},"modified":"2023-05-26T14:01:19","modified_gmt":"2023-05-26T11:01:19","slug":"yesil-donusum-destek-programi","status":"publish","type":"gorusler","link":"https:\/\/www.tevmot.org.tr\/en\/gorusler\/yesil-donusum-destek-programi\/","title":{"rendered":"Ye\u015fil D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm Destek Program\u0131

G\u00fcrsu Sezen Torun<\/p>

TEVMOT Proje Koordinat\u00f6r\u00fc
T.C. Sanayi ve Teknoloji Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131
Stratejik Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar ve Verimlilik Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc <\/p>"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t

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\"G\u00fcrsu\n\n

\u0130klim De\u011fi\u015fiyor mu?<\/h4>Sanayi devrimini takiben insano\u011flunun do\u011fa ile kurdu\u011fu ili\u015fkinin iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fine neden oldu\u011fu bilimsel olarak kabul edilen bir ger\u00e7ektir. H\u00fck\u00fcmetler Aras\u0131 \u0130klim De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi Paneli (IPCC) taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanan rapora g\u00f6re; insan faaliyetleri atmosferi, okyanusu ve topra\u011f\u0131 \u0131s\u0131tmakta; dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, atmosfer, okyanus, kriyosfer ve biyosferde yayg\u0131n ve h\u0131zl\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fimler ya\u015fanmaktad\u0131r (IPCC, 2021). \u015eekil 1\u2019deki grafikte de g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fczere k\u00fcresel y\u00fczey s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kendisinden \u00f6nceki y\u0131llara g\u00f6re artmakta olup, insan faaliyetlerinin \u00f6zellikle 1950\u2019li y\u0131llardan itibaren bu art\u0131\u015fa etkisi y\u00fcksektir.<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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K\u00fcresel s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n artmas\u0131 beraberinde insan hayat\u0131n\u0131 etkileyecek \u00e7e\u015fitli iklim olaylar\u0131na da neden olmaktad\u0131r. \u0130klim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finin en somut g\u00f6stergeleri su kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n ve biyolojik \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fin azalmas\u0131, kurakl\u0131k ve sel gibi a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 hava olaylar\u0131d\u0131r (URL1). 2022’de Acil Olay Veritaban\u0131 (EM-DAT), d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda 30.704 can kayb\u0131 ve 185 milyon ki\u015fiyi etkileyen 387 do\u011fal tehlike ve afet kaydederek, s\u00f6z konusu tehlike ve afetlerden kaynakl\u0131 ekonomik kay\u0131plar\u0131n 223,8 milyar ABD dolar\u0131 civar\u0131nda oldu\u011funu belirtti (URL2, 2023).<\/p>

Deloitte’un K\u00fcresel D\u00f6n\u00fcm Noktas\u0131 Raporu\u2019na g\u00f6re, k\u00fcresel liderler net-s\u0131f\u0131r ge\u00e7i\u015finde sistematik bir yolda birle\u015fmedik\u00e7e, kontrol edilmeyen iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finin \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki 50 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde k\u00fcresel ekonomiye 178 trilyon ABD dolar\u0131na mal olabilece\u011fini ortaya koyuyor (URL3, 2022). Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, iklim olaylar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7evresel ve sosyal etkilerinin yan\u0131nda ekonomik etkileri de olduk\u00e7a y\u00fcksek ve hissedilir d\u00fczeydedir.<\/p>

D\u00fcnyan\u0131n Biyolojik Kapasitesi A\u015f\u0131ld\u0131 m\u0131?<\/h4>

K\u00fcresel Ayakizi A\u011f\u0131 d\u00fcnyan\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 kaynaklar\u0131 konusunda fark\u0131ndal\u0131\u011f\u0131 art\u0131rmak i\u00e7in her y\u0131l ocak ay\u0131nda ulusal ayakizinin biyolojik kapasiteye oranlanmas\u0131yla, D\u00fcnya A\u015fma G\u00fcn\u00fc\u2019n\u00fc belirler (URL4, 2023). D\u00fcnya A\u015fma G\u00fcn\u00fc, gezegenimizde y\u0131l boyunca kullan\u0131lacak kaynaklar\u0131n t\u00fcketildi\u011fi g\u00fcn anlam\u0131na gelmektedir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, insan aktivitesinin ve t\u00fcketiminin do\u011fa ve do\u011fal kaynaklar \u00fczerindeki etkisini g\u00f6stermesi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00f6nemli bir veridir. \u015eekil 2\u2019de \u00fclkelerin k\u00fcresel kaynaklar\u0131 t\u00fcketme g\u00fcnleri verilmektedir. Buna g\u00f6re kaynak t\u00fcketimi \u00fclkeler aras\u0131nda e\u015fitsiz olmakla birlikte, \u00fclkelerin farkl\u0131 t\u00fcketim al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klar\u0131 oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in a\u015fma g\u00fcnleri de farkl\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6stermektedir. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin a\u015fma g\u00fcn\u00fc ortalama olarak 22 Haziran\u2019a denk gelmektedir.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\u0130klim Haber ve KONDA Ara\u015ft\u0131rma, T\u00fcrkiye kamuoyunun iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi alg\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7mek ve giderek derinle\u015fen iklim krizi hakk\u0131ndaki g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerini \u00f6\u011frenmek i\u00e7in 2018\u2019den bu yana her y\u0131l tekrar etti\u011fi \u201cT\u00fcrkiye\u2019de \u0130klim De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi Alg\u0131s\u0131 ve Enerji Tercihleri 2022\u201d \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 bu y\u0131l daha kapsaml\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirerek, toplumun %83\u2019\u00fcn\u00fcn iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi i\u00e7in endi\u015feli oldu\u011fu sonucuna ula\u015ft\u0131 (URL5, 2023). Bu oran, be\u015f y\u0131ld\u0131r yap\u0131lan ara\u015ft\u0131rmalardaki en y\u00fcksek endi\u015fe d\u00fczeyini g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>

Hangi Ad\u0131mlar At\u0131ld\u0131?<\/h4>

\u0130klim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finin olumsuz etkileri ve gezegenimizin gelece\u011fine ve s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilirli\u011fine ili\u015fkin ciddi risklerin artarak b\u00fcy\u00fcmesi, bir\u00e7ok \u00fclkeyi ye\u015fil d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm alan\u0131nda somut ad\u0131mlar atmaya y\u00f6nlendirmi\u015ftir. 1970\u2019lerden sonra somut ad\u0131mlar at\u0131lmaya ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015f olmakla birlikte, bu ad\u0131mlar\u0131n d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktas\u0131 Paris \u0130klim Anla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019d\u0131r. 2015 y\u0131l\u0131nda imzalanm\u0131\u015f olan ve 196 \u00fclkenin taraf oldu\u011fu Anla\u015fma, end\u00fcstriyelle\u015fme \u00f6ncesi d\u00f6neme k\u0131yasla k\u00fcresel s\u0131cakl\u0131k art\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcnse 1,5\u00b0C seviyesinde tutulmas\u0131n\u0131 hedeflemektedir. T\u00fcrkiye, \u201c2053 net s\u0131f\u0131r emisyon hedefi\u201dni a\u00e7\u0131klayarak 2021 y\u0131l\u0131nda Paris Anla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019na taraf olmu\u015ftur. 2022 y\u0131l\u0131nda ise COP-27 Zirvesi\u2019nde 2030 y\u0131l\u0131 i\u00e7in daha \u00f6nce %21 olan emisyon azalt\u0131m hedefini %41\u2019e y\u00fckselterek 2038 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131 pik y\u0131l\u0131 olarak belirlemi\u015ftir (T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti G\u00fcncellenmi\u015f Birinci Ulusal Katk\u0131 Beyan\u0131, 2022).<\/p>

\u0130klim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fiyle m\u00fccadelede \u00f6nc\u00fc bir rol \u00fcstlenmeyi hedefleyen Avrupa Birli\u011fi (AB) 2019 y\u0131l\u0131nda Avrupa Ye\u015fil Mutabakat\u0131 (AYM)\u2019n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. AB, Mutabakat\u0131 ile 2050 y\u0131l\u0131nda ilk iklim-n\u00f6tr k\u0131ta olma hedefini ortaya koyarken; ayn\u0131 zamanda sanayisinin d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc gerektiren yeni bir b\u00fcy\u00fcme stratejisi benimseyece\u011fini ve t\u00fcm politikalar\u0131n\u0131 iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi ekseninde yeniden \u015fekillendirece\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (Ticaret Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, 2021).<\/p>

AB, S\u0131n\u0131rda Karbon D\u00fczenlemesi Mekanizmas\u0131 (SKDM) ile hem birli\u011fin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde hem de k\u00fcresel d\u00fczeyde sera gaz\u0131 emisyonlar\u0131n\u0131 azaltmay\u0131 ve karbon ka\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n\u0131 engellemeyi hedeflemektedir. B\u00f6ylece, SKDM ile AB k\u00fcresel sera gaz\u0131 azalt\u0131m hedefinin ticaret payda\u015flar\u0131nca da benimsenmesini zorunlu k\u0131lmay\u0131 ama\u00e7lamaktad\u0131r. Bir di\u011fer ifadeyle, AB\u2019ye ihra\u00e7 edilen \u00fcretim AB s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde yap\u0131lsayd\u0131 katlan\u0131lacak karbon maliyetinin AB s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131nda vergilendirilmesidir (T\u00dcS\u0130AD, 2020).<\/p>

En b\u00fcy\u00fck ticaret orta\u011f\u0131 (T\u00fcrkiye ihracat\u0131n\u0131n %41\u2019i AB\u2019ye, ithalat\u0131n %26\u2019s\u0131 AB\u2019den) AB olan \u00fclkemiz i\u00e7in AYM\u2019ye uyum sa\u011flamak ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz bir zorunluluk haline gelmi\u015ftir. Bu do\u011frultuda; \u00fclkemizin t\u00fcm politika alanlar\u0131nda ye\u015fil d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc hedefleyen bir yol haritas\u0131 niteli\u011findeki Ye\u015fil Mutabakat Eylem Plan\u0131\u2019na ili\u015fkin Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Genelgesi, 16 Temmuz 2021 tarihli Resm\u00ee Gazete\u2019de yay\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (URL6, 2021).<\/p>

Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z Stratejik Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar ve Verimlilik Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanan \u201cYe\u015fil Mutabakat D\u00fczenlemelerinin Se\u00e7ilmi\u015f Sekt\u00f6rlere Olas\u0131 Etkileri (2022)\u201d \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131na g\u00f6re, SKDM\u2019ye ge\u00e7i\u015f ile birlikte Kapsam 1\u2019de (\u00fcretimin yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 fabrika\/sekt\u00f6r d\u00fczeyindeki do\u011frudan \u00fcreticinin sorumlulu\u011fu olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclen emisyonlar) belirlenmi\u015f olan demir \u00e7elik, \u00e7imento, al\u00fcminyum, elektrik ve g\u00fcbre ile ilgili sekt\u00f6rlerde, AB\u2019ye yap\u0131lan ihracatta %20\u2019lik bir daralma olmas\u0131 varsay\u0131m\u0131 do\u011frultusunda hesaplamalar yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Buna g\u00f6re, 13,8 Milyar TL do\u011frudan ve 8,2 Milyar TL dolayl\u0131 olmak \u00fczere toplam 22 Milyar TL daralma olaca\u011f\u0131 tahmin edilmi\u015ftir (Sanayi ve Teknoloji Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, 2022).<\/p>

T\u00dc\u0130K taraf\u0131ndan 2023\u2019te yay\u0131mlanan \u201cSera Gaz\u0131 Emisyon \u0130statistikleri\u201dne g\u00f6re, 2021 y\u0131l\u0131 toplam sera gaz\u0131 emisyonu bir \u00f6nceki y\u0131la g\u00f6re %7,7 artarak 564,4 milyon ton (Mt) CO2 e\u015fde\u011feri (e\u015fd.) olarak hesaplanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 2021 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki bu art\u0131\u015f, 1996, 2000 ve 2007 y\u0131llar\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan en y\u00fcksek d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc art\u0131\u015f olarak kay\u0131tlara ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. 1990-2021 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de seragaz\u0131 emisyonlar\u0131n CO2 e\u015fde\u011ferine g\u00f6re 1996 y\u0131l\u0131nda bir \u00f6nceki y\u0131la g\u00f6re %7,79, 2000 y\u0131l\u0131nda bir \u00f6nceki y\u0131la g\u00f6re %7,61 ve 2007 y\u0131l\u0131nda bir \u00f6nceki y\u0131la g\u00f6re %9,41 artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Mevcut art\u0131\u015f e\u011filimlerinin devam etmesi halinde 2030 y\u0131l\u0131na gelindi\u011finde toplam emisyon miktar\u0131n\u0131n 1,12 milyar ton CO2 e\u015fde\u011feri olaca\u011f\u0131 tahmin edilmektedir. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin 2030 emisyon hedefine ula\u015fabilmesi durumunda bu d\u00fczey 695 milyon ton CO2 e\u015fde\u011ferine indirilmi\u015f olacakt\u0131r (T\u00dc\u0130K, Sera Gaz\u0131 Emisyon \u0130statistikleri, 1990-2021).<\/p>

Ye\u015fil D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm Destek Program\u0131<\/h4>

T\u00fcm bu geli\u015fmeler ve \u00fclkemizin de taraf oldu\u011fu uluslararas\u0131 d\u00fczenlemeler do\u011frultusunda karbon ayak izini azaltma konusundaki taahh\u00fctler, al-yap-t\u00fcket-at \u015fekline dayal\u0131 do\u011frusal ekonomi modeline alternatif olarak, d\u00f6ng\u00fcsel modele ge\u00e7ilmesini zorunlu k\u0131lmakta olup, bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te sanayide ye\u015fil d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm uygulamalar\u0131na ihtiya\u00e7 duyulmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>

20 Nisan 2023 tarihli Resm\u00ee Gazete’de yay\u0131mlanan 7108 say\u0131l\u0131 Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Karar\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde; 3305 Say\u0131l\u0131 Yat\u0131r\u0131mlarda Devlet Yard\u0131mlar\u0131 Hakk\u0131nda Karar\u2019\u0131n 2 nci maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131 (\u00f6) bendine eklenen \u201cYe\u015fil D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm Destek Program\u0131: D\u00f6ng\u00fcsel ekonomi yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131yla uyumlu, do\u011fal kaynaklar\u0131 koruyan, iklim ve s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilirlik hedeflerine katk\u0131 sa\u011flayan, kaynak verimli ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck karbonlu \u00fcretimi ama\u00e7layan yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n desteklenmesine y\u00f6nelik olarak, Bakanl\u0131k taraf\u0131ndan belirlenecek uygulama usul ve esaslar\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda Stratejik Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar ve Verimlilik Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnce y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclecek olan destek program\u0131\u201d tan\u0131m\u0131 uyar\u0131nca Sanayi ve Teknoloji Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Stratejik Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar ve Verimlilik Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc taraf\u0131ndan Ye\u015fil D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm Destek Program\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclecektir (URL7, 2023). Bu Karar kapsam\u0131nda tan\u0131mlanan yetki \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde, destek program\u0131n\u0131n uygulama usul ve esaslar\u0131n\u0131 belirleyen Ye\u015fil D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm Destek Program\u0131 Uygulama Esaslar\u0131 Tebli\u011fi Tasla\u011f\u0131 haz\u0131rlanmaktad\u0131r. Program, ye\u015fil d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc t\u00fcm boyutlar\u0131 ile ele alarak k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ve b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli t\u00fcm sanayi i\u015fletmelerini kapsayacakt\u0131r.<\/p>

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Program arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla sanayi tesislerinin ye\u015fil d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcne y\u00f6nelik yap\u0131lacak iyile\u015ftirmeler, 3305 Say\u0131l\u0131 Yat\u0131r\u0131mlarda Devlet Yard\u0131mlar\u0131 Hakk\u0131nda Karar\u2019\u0131n \u00d6ncelikli Yat\u0131r\u0131mlar uygulamas\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde yat\u0131r\u0131m te\u015fvik sistemi kapsam\u0131nda desteklenecektir. \u00d6ncelikli Yat\u0131r\u0131mlar uygulamas\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde yap\u0131lan yat\u0131r\u0131mlara 5. B\u00f6lge destekleri kapsam\u0131nda; KDV istisnas\u0131, g\u00fcmr\u00fck vergisi muafiyeti, vergi indirimi (%40 yat\u0131r\u0131ma katk\u0131 oran\u0131, %80 vergi indirimi oran\u0131), sigorta primi i\u015fveren hissesi deste\u011fi ile faiz veya k\u00e2r pay\u0131 deste\u011fi (1,4 milyon TL\u2019ye kadar) sa\u011flanacakt\u0131r (URL8, 2012). Desteklenecek yat\u0131r\u0131mlar; do\u011frudan \u00fcretim tesisiyle s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 kalmak kayd\u0131yla, ye\u015fil d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm uygulamalar\u0131na y\u00f6nelik olarak yap\u0131lacak arazi-arsa al\u0131m\u0131, bina-in\u015faat harcamas\u0131, makine, te\u00e7hizat, teknoloji, yaz\u0131l\u0131m ve donan\u0131m ile \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm, et\u00fct, test ve dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131k hizmetlerini i\u00e7erebilecektir.<\/p>

Program kapsam\u0131nda, sanayinin ye\u015fil d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcne y\u00f6nelik enerji verimlili\u011finin art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, sera gaz\u0131 emisyonlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi, hammadde verimlili\u011finin art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve at\u0131klar\u0131n azalt\u0131lmas\u0131 gibi uygulamalara \u00f6ncelik verilecektir. B\u00f6ylelikle Program\u0131n, imalat sanayinin ye\u015fil d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn sa\u011flanmas\u0131na ve \u00fclkemizin 2053 net s\u0131f\u0131r emisyon hedefine ula\u015fmas\u0131na katk\u0131 sa\u011flayaca\u011f\u0131 de\u011ferlendirilmektedir.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Kaynak\u00e7a<\/i><\/h4>